Apply Two-Variable Relationships to Solve Problems

Use equations and representations to solve real-world problems involving two quantities that change in relationship to one another.

6.EE.C.9 · Two-Variable Relationships
Level
Guided practice with vocabulary support

🟠 Level 0 — Extra Support

Sentence starters: “First, I…” · “The answer is… because…” · “I know this because…”
W

Warm-Up

2 questions
Warm-Up 1
A gym charges $25 per month. The equation for the total cost is c = 25m. How much does it cost for 6 months?
Vocabulary: To substitute means to replace a variable with a number. Replace m with 6, then multiply: 25 × 6 = ?
Correct! Substitute m = 6 into c = 25m: c = 25 × 6 = $150.
Not quite. Substitute m = 6 into c = 25m: c = 25 × 6 = 150. The answer is B: $150.
Warm-Up 2
True or False: If y = 3x and x = 10, then y = 30.
Hint: Substitute 10 for x in the equation y = 3x. Multiply: 3 × 10 = ? Does it equal 30?
Correct! y = 3(10) = 30. The statement is true.
Check again: y = 3 × 10 = 30. Since 30 = 30, the statement is true.
P

Practice

5 questions
Practice 1
A pool fills at a rate of 50 gallons per hour. The equation is g = 50h. How many gallons are in the pool after 8 hours?
Step-by-step:
  1. Write the equation: g = 50h
  2. Substitute h = 8
  3. Multiply: 50 × 8 = ?
g = gallons

Sentence frame: "I substituted h = ___ into g = 50h. So g = 50 × ___ = ___ gallons."

Correct! g = 50 × 8 = 400 gallons.
Substitute h = 8: g = 50 × 8 = 400 gallons.
Practice 2
A store sells notebooks for $3 each. You have $20. Which equation AND solution shows the most notebooks you can buy?
Strategy: The total cost is c = 3n, where n is the number of notebooks. You need c ≤ 20. What is the largest whole number n where 3n does not go over 20?
Explain your reasoning:

Sentence frame: "The equation is c = 3n. The most notebooks I can buy is ___ because 3 × ___ = ___, which is under $20."

Correct! c = 3(6) = $18, with $2 left over. 7 notebooks would cost $21, which is more than $20. So 6 is the most you can buy.
The equation is c = 3n. Try n = 6: 3 × 6 = $18 (under $20). Try n = 7: 3 × 7 = $21 (over $20). The answer is B: n = 6.
Practice 3
Match each real-world situation to its correct equation.
Remember: Identify the variable that changes and the constant (fixed number). Ask: Is the amount increasing (add/multiply) or decreasing (subtract)?
p = 12h
m = 50 − 7d
c = 5n + 3
d = 60t
Earn $12 per hour
Start with $50, spend $7 per day
$5 per item plus $3 shipping
Drive 60 miles per hour
All correct! Each equation matches its real-world situation.
Some matches are incorrect. Think about what operation each situation describes: earning is multiplying, spending from a starting amount is subtracting. Try again!
Practice 4
A car travels at 55 miles per hour. The equation is d = 55t. How long does it take to travel 275 miles?
Step-by-step:
  1. You know d = 275 and the equation is d = 55t
  2. Substitute: 275 = 55t
  3. Solve: divide both sides by 55
Show your work:

Sentence frame: "I substituted d = ___ into d = 55t. Then I divided ___ ÷ 55 = ___. It takes ___ hours."

Correct! 275 ÷ 55 = 5. It takes 5 hours to travel 275 miles.
Substitute: 275 = 55t. Divide both sides by 55: t = 275 ÷ 55 = 5 hours. The answer is C.
Practice 5
Complete the table for the equation y = 4x − 2.
How to use the equation:
  • To find y: substitute the given x value, then compute 4x − 2
  • To find x: set y equal to the given value, then solve by adding 2 and dividing by 4
a. When x = 5, y =
b. When y = 22, x =

Sentence frame: "I substituted ___ into y = 4x − 2 and got ___."

All correct! When x = 5: y = 4(5) − 2 = 18. When y = 22: 22 = 4x − 2, so 24 = 4x, and x = 6.
Check your work: For x = 5, y = 4(5) − 2 = 20 − 2 = 18. For y = 22: 22 + 2 = 24, then 24 ÷ 4 = 6.

Challenge

1 question
Challenge
A phone plan costs $30 per month plus $0.10 per text message. Answer all three parts below.
Guide:
  • The equation has a fixed cost ($30) plus a rate ($0.10) times the number of texts (t)
  • To find the cost for 200 texts, substitute t = 200
  • To find how many texts fit in a $50 budget, set c = 50 and solve for t
Part A: Write an equation for the monthly cost c based on the number of texts t:
Part B: What is the cost for 200 texts in one month?
$
Part C: If your budget is $50, how many texts can you send? Show your work.
texts

Sentence frame: "The equation is c = ___. For 200 texts, c = ___ + ___ = ___. With a $50 budget, I can send ___ texts because ___."

Great work! c = 30 + 0.10t. For 200 texts: c = 30 + 0.10(200) = 30 + 20 = $50. With a $50 budget: 50 = 30 + 0.10t, so 20 = 0.10t, and t = 200 texts.
The equation is c = 30 + 0.10t. For 200 texts: 30 + 0.10(200) = 30 + 20 = $50. For a $50 budget: 50 − 30 = 20, then 20 ÷ 0.10 = 200 texts.