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Understand Fractions

Learn what numerator and denominator mean, model fractions as parts of a whole, and place fractions on a number line.

Bridge to Grade 6 Unit R2 ยท Lesson 1 Builds 6.NS.1
Lesson progress: 0%
Why this matters for Grade 6: In Grade 6 you will divide fractions by fractions (6.NS.1) โ€” for example, 3/4 รท 1/2. Before you can divide them, you must understand what a fraction means: the numerator counts pieces, and the denominator says how many equal pieces make one whole.
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Learn It

What Is a Fraction?

A fraction names part of a whole. It is written as:

numerator
denominator

Denominator = total number of equal parts the whole is cut into.
Numerator = how many of those parts you are counting.

Example 1 โ€” 3/4 of a pizza
The pizza is cut into 4 equal slices (denominator = 4). You have 3 slices (numerator = 3).
3 out of 4 parts shaded = 3/4
Example 2 โ€” Special fractions
โ€ข 5/5 = 1 whole (all 5 parts shaded โ€” you have the entire thing).
โ€ข 0/4 = 0 (zero parts shaded โ€” you have nothing).
โ€ข 4/4 = 1  |  3/3 = 1  |  Any number over itself = 1.

Fractions on a number line โ€” place 3/4 between 0 and 1 by dividing the space into 4 equal jumps:
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
3/4 is 3 jumps out of 4 from 0 to 1.
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Try It ยท Guided

Work These Together

1. The fraction bar below has some parts shaded. Which fraction does it show?

Hint

Count the total parts (denominator) and the shaded parts (numerator). 2 parts are shaded out of 5 total โ†’ 2/5.

2. Which point on the number line is at 1/2?

A B C 0 1
Hint

1/2 is exactly halfway between 0 and 1. Point B sits right in the middle.

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Practice ยท On Your Own

You Try

3. A chocolate bar is broken into 8 equal pieces. Maria eats 3 pieces. What fraction of the bar did she eat?

Hint

Pieces eaten = numerator (3). Total pieces = denominator (8). Fraction eaten = 3/8.

4. What is the value of the fraction where the numerator equals the denominator? (For example, 6/6 = ?)

Hint

6/6 means all 6 parts out of 6 total โ€” that is the whole thing, which equals 1.

5. How many equal parts does a number line from 0 to 1 need to show the fraction 1/6?

Hint

The denominator tells you how many equal parts to divide the number line into. For 1/6, divide into 6 equal parts.

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Exit Ticket

Show What You Know

6. A ribbon is cut into 5 equal pieces. You use 4 pieces. Which fraction shows how much ribbon you used?

Hint

Used = 4 (numerator). Total = 5 (denominator). Fraction used = 4/5.

7. On a number line from 0 to 1, the fraction 3/4 is located how many equal jumps from 0 (out of 4 total jumps)?

Hint

3/4 means 3 jumps out of 4 equal jumps from 0 to 1. The numerator = the number of jumps.